RESEARCH FIELD

Colloid Science

Colloid science studies systems in which one substance is dispersed in another at the nanometre scale — a range where surface forces dominate over gravity and bulk thermodynamics. Colloidal systems are ubiquitous: milk, paint, cosmetics, inks, aerosols, and biological fluids are all colloids. The field encompasses emulsion science, foam stability, sol-gel transitions, colloidal crystals with photonic properties, and nanoparticle self-assembly. Core phenomena include DLVO colloidal stability governed by electrostatic and van der Waals forces, steric stabilisation by polymer brushes, depletion flocculation, and the rheology of concentrated dispersions. Key characterisation tools include dynamic light scattering for particle sizing, small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering for structural analysis, zeta potential measurement, and atomic force microscopy for direct surface-force measurements. Colloid science underpins formulation science in pharmaceuticals, personal care, foods, and advanced materials such as optical films and battery electrodes, driving sustained industrial and academic investment.