# Semiconductor Physics

> Semiconductor physics investigates the electronic properties of materials where conductivity can be controlled by doping, heterostructure design, and external fields—properties that underpin the entire microelectronics industry. Two-dimensional semiconductors like molybdenum disulfide exhibit valley degrees of freedom and direct bandgaps unavailable in bulk, opening valleytronic device concepts. Wide-bandgap semiconductors including silicon carbide and gallium nitride are replacing silicon in power electronics for electric vehicles and renewable energy conversion at higher efficiency and operating temperature. Topological insulators host surface states protected by time-reversal symmetry, making them candidates for low-dissipation interconnects and quantum computing. Semiconductor physics drives the roadmap for extending Moore's Law beyond classical CMOS scaling.

*Source: [https://selltoscientists.com/fields/semiconductor-physics/](https://selltoscientists.com/fields/semiconductor-physics/)*

**Researcher count:** 38,000
**Average funding:** $620K

## Subfields

- Quantum Wells
- Spintronics
- Two-Dimensional Semiconductors
- Power Electronics
- Compound Semiconductors

## Key technologies

- Molecular Beam Epitaxy
- Hall Effect Measurements
- Angle-Resolved Photoemission
- Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
- MOCVD

## Top institutions

- MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics
- University of California Santa Barbara
- TU Munich WSI
- Fraunhofer IAF
- University of Illinois Beckman

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