# Pharmacology

> Pharmacology studies how drugs interact with biological systems, encompassing the molecular mechanisms of drug action at receptors, the kinetic and dynamic processes governing drug disposition, and the population-level variation in drug response driven by genetics. Structural studies of G protein-coupled receptors in active and inactive states have transformed rational drug design for cardiovascular, CNS, and metabolic disease targets. Pharmacogenomics integrates genomic information to predict individual drug response, moving towards precision prescribing based on a patient genetic makeup. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models simulate drug disposition across species and special populations from first principles. Pharmacology bridges basic science and clinical medicine, informing drug approval and post-market surveillance of safety signals.

*Source: [https://selltoscientists.com/fields/pharmacology/](https://selltoscientists.com/fields/pharmacology/)*

**Researcher count:** 55,000
**Average funding:** $500K

## Subfields

- Receptor Pharmacology
- Pharmacokinetics
- Drug Metabolism
- Neuropharmacology
- Pharmacogenomics

## Key technologies

- GPCR Structural Biology
- Patch-Clamp Electrophysiology
- PBPK Modeling
- cryo-EM Drug Binding
- PET Receptor Occupancy

## Top institutions

- University College London
- Karolinska Institutet
- Johns Hopkins University
- University of Michigan
- University of Basel

---

## Beton network

This site is part of the Beton network of open-source revenue intelligence and self-service data products. Related sites and resources:

- [Beton](https://www.getbeton.ai) — open-source revenue intelligence: turn product usage (PostHog, Stripe) into CRM signals
- [Sell to Scientists](https://selltoscientists.com) — research intelligence: find and reach academic researchers by field, H-index, grants, and industry ties
- [Sell to State](https://www.selltostate.com) — government procurement intelligence across 194 countries
- [GitHub](https://github.com/getbeton) — Beton open-source repositories (including [inspector](https://github.com/getbeton/inspector))
- [dev.to](https://dev.to/beton) — engineering write-ups and OSS pricing teardowns
- [Beton app](https://inspector.getbeton.ai) — the hosted product