# Nuclear Physics

> Nuclear physics investigates the structure, reactions, and properties of atomic nuclei, the densest form of matter in the universe outside of neutron stars. Radioactive ion beam facilities produce short-lived exotic nuclei far from stability, revealing how proton and neutron shells close in neutron-rich nuclei relevant to r-process nucleosynthesis in neutron star mergers. Nuclear astrophysics measurements of reaction rates in stellar environments like the CNO cycle explain solar neutrino fluxes and the origin of elements heavier than iron. Medical physics applications of nuclear reactions including PET diagnostics, proton therapy, and targeted alpha therapy are improving cancer treatment outcomes at clinical scales.

*Source: [https://selltoscientists.com/fields/nuclear-physics/](https://selltoscientists.com/fields/nuclear-physics/)*

**Researcher count:** 13,000
**Average funding:** $1.1M

## Subfields

- Nuclear Structure
- Nuclear Reactions
- Heavy-Ion Physics
- Nuclear Astrophysics
- Hadronic Physics

## Key technologies

- Cyclotrons
- ISOL Radioactive Ion Beams
- GRETINA Gamma-Ray Tracker
- Time Projection Chambers
- Neutron Detectors

## Top institutions

- TRIUMF Canada
- GSI Darmstadt
- Argonne National Laboratory
- RIKEN Nishina Center
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

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