# Nanoelectronics

> Nanoelectronics develops electronic devices and systems with functional components at the nanometre scale, pushing semiconductor technology beyond the physical limits of conventional silicon CMOS as transistor gate lengths approach a few nanometres. Research spans new transistor architectures including FinFET, gate-all-around nanosheets, and 3D stacked transistors; beyond-silicon channel materials such as III-V compound semiconductors and 2D materials including MoS2 and graphene; novel memory devices including resistive RAM and spin-transfer torque MRAM; and neuromorphic circuits that emulate synaptic plasticity for energy-efficient AI hardware. Extreme ultraviolet lithography enables patterning features below 10 nm for high-volume manufacturing. Quantum-effect devices including single-electron transistors and quantum dots are the basis for quantum computing hardware. Material deposition with atomic layer precision and characterisation by aberration-corrected TEM and STM are standard research tools. Nanoelectronics is funded by semiconductor companies, DARPA, the European Chips Act, and national research programmes on post-silicon computing.

*Source: [https://selltoscientists.com/fields/nanoelectronics/](https://selltoscientists.com/fields/nanoelectronics/)*

**Researcher count:** 28,000
**Average funding:** $550,000/year

## Subfields

- 2D semiconductor devices
- tunnel field-effect transistors
- neuromorphic electronics
- quantum dot devices
- spintronics-CMOS integration

## Key technologies

- EUV lithography
- atomic layer deposition
- electron beam lithography
- scanning tunnelling microscopy
- TCAD device simulation

## Top institutions

- MIT
- Stanford University
- IMEC Belgium
- ETH Zurich
- National University of Singapore

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